Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the commercial and entertainment capital of India. It is also the world's top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[1] Mumbai accounts for slightly more than 6% of India's economy contributing 10% of factory employment, 40% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of foreign trade and rupees 40,000 crore (US $10 billion) in corporate taxes to the Indian economy.[2] Headquarters of a number of Indian financial institutions such as the Bombay Stock Exchange, Reserve Bank of India, National Stock Exchange, the Mint, as well as numerous Indian companies such as the Tata Group, Essel Group, Vedanta Resources and Reliance Industries are located in Mumbai. Most of these offices are located in downtown South Mumbai which is the nerve centre of the Indian economy. Many foreign establishments also have their branches in the South Bombay area. Mumbai is the world's 29th largest city by GDP.[3] Mumbai was ranked among the fastest cities in India for business startup in 2009.[4] As of 2009-10, Mumbai enjoys a Per Capita Income of $ 2,845. This is 16.6% higher than 2008-09 levels of $ 2,440. In PPP dollars, Mumbai had a Per Capita Income of $ 7,050 as of 2009-10 fiscal. In the recent years Mumbai is experiencing phenomenal surge in Nominal Per Capita Income which is expected to go past the $ 10,000 threshold by 2020.
Contents |
Mumbai has traditionally owed its prosperity largely to its textile mills and its seaport till the 1980s. These are now increasingly being replaced by industries employing more skilled labour such as engineering, diamond polishing, healthcare and information technology. Mumbai is also the primary financial centre for India, hosting both the major Indian stock exchanges (BSE and The National Stock Exchange), brokerages, asset management companies (including majority of the mutual fund companies), headquarters of most Indian state-owned and commercial banks, as well as the financial & monetary regulatory authorities of India (SEBI and RBI among other institutions).
As Mumbai is the state capital, government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled labour population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other such proletarian professions. The port and shipping industry too employs many residents directly and indirectly. Like most metropolitan cities, Mumbai also has a large influx of people from rural areas looking for employment.
The entertainment industry is the other major employer in Mumbai. Most of India's television and satellite networks are located in Mumbai, as well as the major publishing houses. A large number of the Hindi and English television shows are produced in Mumbai. The Hindi movie industry, known by some as Bollywood, is also located in Mumbai, along with the largest studios and production houses. To add to this, most major advertising companies operating in India also have their primary office in Mumbai.
Several major Indian companies are headquartered in Mumbai. The three largest private companies in India, Reliance Industries, Tata Group and Aditya Birla Group, are based in Mumbai. Below is a list of some of these major companies:
| Company | Revenue (billion US$) |
|---|---|
| Tata Group | 71.26 |
| Reliance Industries | 58.55 |
| Aditya Birla Group | 35 |
| Hindustan Petroleum | 31.07 |
| Bharat Petroleum | 34.19 |
| State Bank of India | 32.97 |
| ICICI Bank | 7.27 |
| Larsen & Toubro | 11.62 |
| Reliance ADAG | 15.4 |
| Essar Group | 20 |
| HDFC Bank | 5.41 |
| Axis Bank | 4.42 |
| Bank of Baroda | 5.51 |
| Bank of India | 5.44 |
| IDBI Bank | 4.61 |
| Union Bank of India | 4.12 |
| Hindalco Industries | 13.61 |
| Bajaj Group | 6.69 |
| Godrej Group | 2.6 |
| Mahindra Group | 12.5 |
| JSW Group | 7 |
| RPG Group | 4.01 |
Mumbai is home to the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, and most of India's specialized, technical industries, having a modern industrial infrastructure and vast, skilled human resources. Rising venture capital firms, start-ups and established brands work in aerospace, optical engineering, medical research, information technology, computers and electronic equipment of all varieties, shipbuilding and salvaging, renewable energy and power.
Mumbai is also home to the Western fleet of the Indian Navy, key to India's maritime security.
Mumbai has perhaps India's biggest networks in the food, clothing and hoteling industries. The most ethnic Indian to the choicest international cuisine, the most luxurious, five-star hotel to the sleaziest, cheapest rooms, and supermarkets, chain stores and malls to road-size vendors and hawkers highlight this massive commercial artery.
One of the more unusual features of the Mumbai economy is the Dabbawala system that allows hot, frequently home-cooked, food to be delivered to office workers at their place of work with remarkable efficiency.
Below is a list of major industries located in Mumbai